Short cut key for computer

Short cut key for computer

S.No	Command Name	Modifiers	Key	Menu
1	About			Help
2	Accept All Changes in Doc			Accept
3	Accept All Changes Shown			Accept
4	All Caps	Ctrl+Shift+	A
5	Annotation	Alt+Ctrl+	M
6	App Maximize	Alt+	F10
7	App Restore	Alt+	F5
8	Apply Heading1	Alt+Ctrl+	1
9	Apply Heading2	Alt+Ctrl+	2
10	Apply Heading3	Alt+Ctrl+	3
11	Apply List Bullet	Ctrl+Shift+	L
12	Arrange All			Window
13	Auto Correct			Tools
14	Auto Format	Alt+Ctrl+	K
15	Auto Format Begin			Format
16	Auto Summarize Begin			Tools
17	Auto Text		F3
18	Auto Text	Alt+Ctrl+	V
19	Background Fill Effect			Format Background
20	Background More Colors			Format Background
21	Background Watermark			Format Background
22	Bold	Ctrl+	B
23	Bold	Ctrl+Shift+	B
24	Bookmark	Ctrl+Shift+	F5	Insert
25	Bookshelf Lookup Reference			Tools
26	Break			Insert
27	Browse Next	Ctrl+	Page Down
28	Browse Prev	Ctrl+	Page Up
29	Browse Sel	Alt+Ctrl+	Home
30	Cancel		Esc
31	Center Para	Ctrl+	E
32	Change Case			Format
33	Change Case	Shift+	F3
34	Char Left		Left
35	Char Left Extend	Shift+	Left
36	Char Right		Right
37	Char Right Extend	Shift+	Right
38	Check For Updates			Help
39	Checkin			File
40	Checkout			File
41	Clear		Del	Clear
42	Clear Formatting			Clear
43	Close or Exit	Alt+	F4
44	Close Pane	Alt+Shift+	C
45	Column Break	Ctrl+Shift+	Return
46	Column Select	Ctrl+Shift+	F8
47	Contact Us			Help
48	Copy	Ctrl+	C
49	Copy	Ctrl+	Insert
50	Copy Format	Ctrl+Shift+	C
51	Copy Text	Shift+	F2
52	Create Auto Text	Alt+	F3
53	Cross Reference			Reference Menu
54	Customize			Tools
55	Customize Add Menu Shortcut	Alt+Ctrl+	=
56	Customize Keyboard Shortcut	Alt+Ctrl+	Num +
57	Customize Remove Menu Shortcut	Alt+Ctrl+	-
58	Cut	Ctrl+	X
59	Cut	Shift+	Del
60	Date Field	Alt+Shift+	D
61	Date Time			Insert
62	Delete All Comments in Doc			Reject
63	Delete All Comments Shown			Reject
64	Delete Back Word	Ctrl+	Backspace
65	Delete Table			Toolbar 32780
66	Delete Word	Ctrl+	Del
67	Display Final Doc			Show Markup
68	Display Original Doc			Show Markup
69	Display Shared Workspace Pane			Tools
70	Distribute Para	Ctrl+Shift+	J
71	Do Field Click	Alt+Shift+	F9
72	Doc Close	Ctrl+	W
73	Doc Close	Ctrl+	F4
74	Doc Maximize	Ctrl+	F10
75	Doc Move	Ctrl+	F7
76	Doc Restore	Ctrl+	F5
77	Doc Size	Ctrl+	F8
78	Doc Split	Alt+Ctrl+	S	Window
79	Double Underline	Ctrl+Shift+	D
80	Draw Snap to Grid			Draw
81	End of Column	Alt+	Page Down
82	End of Column	Alt+Shift+	Page Down
83	End of Doc Extend	Ctrl+Shift+	End
84	End of Document	Ctrl+	End
85	End of Line		End
86	End of Line Extend	Shift+	End
87	End of Row	Alt+	End
88	End of Row	Alt+Shift+	End
89	End of Window	Alt+Ctrl+	Page Down
90	End of Window Extend	Alt+Ctrl+Shift+	Page Down
91	Endnote Now	Alt+Ctrl+	D
92	Envelope Wizard			Letters and Mailings Menu
93	Exit			File
94	Extend Selection		F8
95	Fax Service			Send To
96	Field			Insert
97	Field Chars	Ctrl+	F9
98	Field Codes	Alt+	F9
99	Find	Ctrl+	F
100	Fix Broken Text			Tools
101	Fix Me			Help
102	Font	Ctrl+	D
103	Font	Ctrl+Shift+	F
104	Font Size Select	Ctrl+Shift+	P
105	Footnote Now	Alt+Ctrl+	F
106	Footnotes			View
107	Formatting Properties	Shift+	F1	Format
108	Formula			Table
109	Frameset Wizard			Frames Menu
110	Go Back	Shift+	F5
111	Go Back	Alt+Ctrl+	Z
112	Go To	Ctrl+	G	Edit
113	Go To		F5	Edit
114	Grow Font	Ctrl+Shift+	.
115	Grow Font One Point	Ctrl+	]
116	Hanging Indent	Ctrl+	T
117	Header			View
118	Header Footer Link	Alt+Shift+	R
119	Headings			Table
120	Help		F1
121	HHC	Alt+Ctrl+	F7	Language
122	Hidden	Ctrl+Shift+	H
123	HTMLSource			View
124	Hyperlink	Ctrl+	K
125	Hyphenation			Language
126	Indent	Ctrl+	M
127	Index and Tables			Reference Menu
128	Insert Column			Toolbar 32779
129	Insert Column Right			Toolbar 32779
130	Insert Row Above			Toolbar 32779
131	Insert Row Below			Toolbar 32779
132	Italic	Ctrl+	I
133	Italic	Ctrl+Shift+	I
134	Justify Para	Ctrl+	J
135	Language			Language
136	Left Para	Ctrl+	L
137	Letter Properties			Letters and Mailings Menu
138	Letters Wizard JToolbar			Letters and Mailings Menu
139	License Verification			Help
140	Line Down		Down
141	Line Down Extend	Shift+	Down
142	Line Up		Up
143	Line Up Extend	Shift+	Up
144	Links			Edit
145	List Num Field	Alt+Ctrl+	L
146	Lock Fields	Ctrl+	3
147	Lock Fields	Ctrl+	F11
148	Macro	Alt+	F8
149	Mail Merge Check	Alt+Shift+	K
150	Mail Merge Edit Data Source	Alt+Shift+	E
151	Mail Merge to Doc	Alt+Shift+	N
152	Mail Merge to Printer	Alt+Shift+	M
153	Mail Merge Toolbar			Letters and Mailings Menu
154	Mail Merge Wizard			Letters and Mailings Menu
155	Mark Citation	Alt+Shift+	I
156	Mark Index Entry	Alt+Shift+	X
157	Mark Table of Contents Entry	Alt+Shift+	O
158	Menu Mode		F10
159	Merge Field	Alt+Shift+	F
160	Merge Revisions			Tools
161	Microsoft Script Editor	Alt+Shift+	F11
162	Microsoft System Info	Alt+Ctrl+	F1
163	Move Text		F2
164	Never Use Balloons			Balloons
165	New			File
166	New Default	Ctrl+	N
167	New Window			Window
168	Next Cell		Tab
169	Next Field		F11
170	Next Field	Alt+	F1
171	Next Misspelling	Alt+	F7
172	Next Object	Alt+	Down
173	Next Window	Ctrl+	F6
174	Next Window	Alt+	F6
175	No Insertion Deletion Balloons			Balloons
176	Normal	Alt+Ctrl+	N	View
177	Normal Style	Ctrl+Shift+	N
178	Normal Style	Alt+Shift+	Clear (Num 5)
179	Number			Insert
180	Object			Insert
181	Office Clipboard			Edit
182	Office On The Web			Help
183	Online Meeting			Online Collaboration
184	Open	Ctrl+	O
185	Open	Ctrl+	F12
186	Open	Alt+Ctrl+	F2
187	Open or Close Up Para	Ctrl+	0
188	Options			Tools
189	Other Pane		F6
190	Other Pane	Shift+	F6
191	Outline	Alt+Ctrl+	O
192	Outline Collapse	Alt+Shift+	-
193	Outline Collapse	Alt+Shift+	Num -
194	Outline Demote	Alt+Shift+	Right
195	Outline Expand	Alt+Shift+	=
196	Outline Expand	Alt+Shift+	Num +
197	Outline Master			View
198	Outline Move Down	Alt+Shift+	Down
199	Outline Move Up	Alt+Shift+	Up
200	Outline Promote	Alt+Shift+	Left
201	Outline Show First Line	Alt+Shift+	L
202	Overtype		Insert
203	Page	Alt+Ctrl+	P	View
204	Page Break	Ctrl+	Return
205	Page Down		Page Down
206	Page Down Extend	Shift+	Page Down
207	Page Field	Alt+Shift+	P
208	Page Numbers			Insert
209	Page Up		Page Up
210	Page Up Extend	Shift+	Page Up
211	Para Down	Ctrl+	Down
212	Para Down Extend	Ctrl+Shift+	Down
213	Para Up	Ctrl+	Up
214	Para Up Extend	Ctrl+Shift+	Up
215	Paste	Ctrl+	V
216	Paste	Shift+	Insert
217	Paste As Hyperlink			Edit
218	Paste Format	Ctrl+Shift+	V
219	Paste Special			Edit
220	Permission			File
221	Post			Send To
222	Postcard Wizard			Letters and Mailings Menu
223	Present It			Send To
224	Prev Cell	Shift+	Tab
225	Prev Field	Shift+	F11
226	Prev Field	Alt+Shift+	F1
227	Prev Object	Alt+	Up
228	Prev Window	Ctrl+Shift+	F6
229	Prev Window	Alt+Shift+	F6
230	Print	Ctrl+	P
231	Print	Ctrl+Shift+	F12
232	Print Preview	Ctrl+	F2
233	Print Preview	Alt+Ctrl+	I
234	Proofing		F7
235	Properties			File
236	Protect			Tools
237	Reading Mode Layout			View
238	Record Macro Toggle			Macro
239	Redo	Alt+Shift+	Backspace
240	Redo or Repeat	Ctrl+	Y	Edit
241	Redo or Repeat		F4	Edit
242	Redo or Repeat	Alt+	Return	Edit
243	Reject All Changes in Doc			Reject
244	Reject All Changes Shown			Reject
245	Repeat Find	Shift+	F4
246	Repeat Find	Alt+Ctrl+	Y
247	Replace	Ctrl+	H	Edit
248	Research Lookup	Ctrl+Shift+	O
249	Reset Char	Ctrl+	Space
250	Reset Char	Ctrl+Shift+	Z
251	Reset Para	Ctrl+	Q
252	Revision Marks Toggle	Ctrl+Shift+	E
253	Right Para	Ctrl+	R
254	Routing Slip			Send To
255	Save	Ctrl+	S
256	Save	Shift+	F12
257	Save	Alt+Shift+	F2
258	Save As		F12	File
259	Save As Web Page			File
260	Schedule Meeting			Online Collaboration
261	Search			File
262	Select All	Ctrl+	A	Edit
263	Select All	Ctrl+	Clear (Num 5)	Edit
264	Select All	Ctrl+	Num 5	Edit
265	Select Cell			Toolbar 32778
266	Select Column			Toolbar 32778
267	Select Row			Toolbar 32778
268	Select Table	Alt+	Clear (Num 5)	Toolbar 32778
269	Send For Review			Send To
270	Send to Fax			Send To
271	Send to Online Meeting Participants			Send To
272	Show All	Ctrl+Shift+	8
273	Show All Headings	Alt+Shift+	A
274	Show All Headings	Alt+Shift+	A
275	Show Comments			Show Markup
276	Show Formatting			Show Markup
277	Show Heading1	Alt+Shift+	1
278	Show Heading2	Alt+Shift+	2
279	Show Heading3	Alt+Shift+	3
280	Show Heading4	Alt+Shift+	4
281	Show Heading5	Alt+Shift+	5
282	Show Heading6	Alt+Shift+	6
283	Show Heading7	Alt+Shift+	7
284	Show Heading8	Alt+Shift+	8
285	Show Heading9	Alt+Shift+	9
286	Show Hide			Help
287	Show Ink Annotations			Show Markup
288	Show Insertions and Deletions			Show Markup
289	Show Signatures			Tools
290	Shrink Font	Ctrl+Shift+	,
291	Shrink Font One Point	Ctrl+	[
292	Shrink Selection	Shift+	F8
293	Sign Out of Passport			File
294	Small Caps	Ctrl+Shift+	K
295	Sort			Table
296	Space Para1	Ctrl+	1
297	Space Para15	Ctrl+	5
298	Space Para2	Ctrl+	2
299	Speech			Tools
300	Spike	Ctrl+Shift+	F3
301	Spike	Ctrl+	F3
302	Split			Table
303	Sqm Dialog			Help
304	Start of Column	Alt+	Page Up
305	Start of Column	Alt+Shift+	Page Up
306	Start of Doc Extend	Ctrl+Shift+	Home
307	Start of Document	Ctrl+	Home
308	Start of Line		Home
309	Start of Line Extend	Shift+	Home
310	Start of Row	Alt+	Home
311	Start of Row	Alt+Shift+	Home
312	Start of Window	Alt+Ctrl+	Page Up
313	Start of Window Extend	Alt+Ctrl+Shift+	Page Up
314	Style	Ctrl+Shift+	S
315	Style Separator	Alt+Ctrl+	Return
316	Subscript	Ctrl+	=
317	Superscript	Ctrl+Shift+	=
318	Symbol			Insert
319	Symbol Font	Ctrl+Shift+	Q
320	Tabs			Format
321	Task Pane	Ctrl+	F1
322	Templates			Tools
323	Theme			Format
324	Thesaurus RR	Shift+	F7	Language
325	Time Field	Alt+Shift+	T
326	Toggle Character Code	Alt+	X
327	Toggle Field Display	Shift+	F9
328	Toggle Master Subdocs	Ctrl+	\
329	Toggle XMLTag View	Ctrl+Shift+	X
330	Toolbars			View
331	Translate Pane	Alt+Shift+	F7	Language
332	Un Hang	Ctrl+Shift+	T
333	Un Indent	Ctrl+Shift+	M
334	Underline	Ctrl+	U
335	Underline	Ctrl+Shift+	U
336	Undo	Ctrl+	Z
337	Undo	Alt+	Backspace
338	Unlink Fields	Ctrl+	6
339	Unlink Fields	Ctrl+Shift+	F9
340	Unlock Fields	Ctrl+	4
341	Unlock Fields	Ctrl+Shift+	F11
342	Update Auto Format	Alt+Ctrl+	U
343	Update Fields		F9
344	Update Fields	Alt+Shift+	U
345	Update Source	Ctrl+Shift+	F7
346	Use Balloons			Balloons
347	VBCode	Alt+	F11
348	Versions			File
349	Versions Server			Ve&rsion History
350	Web			View
351	Web Component			Insert
352	Web Go Back	Alt+	Left
353	Web Go Forward	Alt+	Right
354	Web Page Preview			File
355	Wizard			Table
356	Word Count			Tools
357	Word Count List	Ctrl+Shift+	G
358	Word Count Recount	Ctrl+Shift+	R
359	Word Left	Ctrl+	Left
360	Word Left Extend	Ctrl+Shift+	Left
361	Word Perfect Help			Help
362	Word Right	Ctrl+	Right
363	Word Right Extend	Ctrl+Shift+	Right
364	Word Underline	Ctrl+Shift+	W

What is Manual Testing ?

What is Manual Testing ?

Manual Testing is a process of finding out the defects or bugs in a software program. In this method the tester plays an important role of end user and verifies that all the features of the application are working correctly. The tester manually executes test cases without using any automation tools. The tester prepares a test plan document which describes the detailed and systematic approach to testing of software applications. Test cases are planned to cover almost 100% of the software application. As manual testing involves complete test cases it is a time consuming test.

The differences between actual and desired results are treated as defects. The defects are then fixed by the developer of software application. The tester retests the defects to ensure that defects are fixed. The goal of Manual testing is to ensure that application is defect & error free and is working fine to provide good quality work to customers.

1. Procedure of Manual Testing
2. Requirement Analysis
3. Test Plan Creation
4. Test case Creation
5. Test case Execution
6. Defect Logging
7. Defect Fix & Re-Verification

Difference Between Error Mistake Fault Bug Failure Defect

Why is it that software system sometimes don’t work correctly? We know that people make mistakes – we are fallible.

If someone makes an error or mistake in using the software, this may lead directly to a problem – the software is used incorrectly and so does not behave as we expected. However, people also design and build the software and they can make mistakes during the design and build. These mistakes mean that there are flaws in the software itself. These are called defects or sometimes bugs or faults.

When the software code has been built, it is executed and then any defects may cause the system to fail to do what it should do (or do something it shouldn’t), causing a failure. Not all defects result in failures; some stay dormant in the code and we may never notice them.

What is an Error or Mistake?

Error is a human action that produces an incorrect result. It is deviation from actual and expected value. The mistakes made by programmer is known as an ‘Error’. This could happen because of the following reasons

1. Some confusion in understanding the requirement of the software
2. Some miscalculation of the values
3. Or/And Misinterpretation of any value, etc.

It represents mistake made by people and Mistake in the program leads to error.

What is a Bug?

A Bug is the result of a coding Error or Fault in the program which causes the program to behave in an unintended or unanticipated manner. It is an evidence of fault in the program. Bugs arise from mistakes and errors, made by people, in either a program’s source code or its design. Normally, there are bugs in all useful computer programs, but well-written programs contain relatively few bugs, and these bugs typically do not prevent the program from performing its task.

What is a Defect or Fault?

A Defect is a deviation from the Requirements. A Software Defect is a condition in a software product which does not meet a software requirement (as stated in the requirement specifications) or end-user expectations. In other words, a defect is an error in coding or logic that causes a program to malfunction or to produce incorrect/unexpected result. This could be hardware, software, network, performance, format, or functionality.

What is a Failure?

Failure is a deviation of the software from its intended purpose. It is the inability of a system or a component to perform its required functions within specified performance requirements. Failure occurs when fault executes.

The basics of MS SQL (Microsoft SQL Server) & their datatype

The basics of SQL:
What are the difference between DDL, DML and DCL commands?

1. DDL is Data Definition Language statements. 
• CREATE - to create objects in the database 
• ALTER - alters the structure of the database 
• DROP - delete objects from the database
• TRUNCATE - remove all records from a table, including all spaces allocated for the records are removed 
• COMMENT - add comments to the data dictionary 
• GRANT - gives user's access privileges to database 
• REVOKE - withdraw access privileges given with the GRANT command
2. DML is Data Manipulation Language statements. 
• SELECT - retrieve data from the a database 
• INSERT - insert data into a table 
• UPDATE - updates existing data within a table 
• DELETE - deletes all records from a table, the space for the records remain 
• CALL - call a PL/SQL or Java subprogram 
• EXPLAIN PLAN - explain access path to data 
• LOCK TABLE - control concurrency
3. DCL is Data Control Language statements.
• COMMIT - save work done 
• SAVEPOINT - identify a point in a transaction to which you can later roll back 
• ROLLBACK - restore database to original since the last COMMIT
• SET TRANSACTION - Change transaction options like what rollback segment to use

SQL Data Type

1. Exact numerics
• bigint 
• numeric
• bit
• smallint
• decimal
• smallmoney
• int
• tinyint
• money
2. Approximate numerics
• float
• real
3. Date and time
• date
• datetimeoffset
• datetime2
• smalldatetime
• datetime
• time
4. Character strings
• char
• varchar
• text
5. Unicode character strings
• nchar
• nvarchar
• ntext
6. Binary strings
• binary
• varbinary
• image
7. Other data types
• cursor
• rowversion
• hierarchyid
• uniqueidentifier
• sql_variant
• xml
• Spatial Geometry Types
• Spatial Geography Types
• table

Repeat Rows N Times According to Column Value in SQL Server

CREATE TAblE #temp
(
T_Name      VARCHAR(50),
T_Times      BIGINT
)

INSERT INTO #temp(T_Name,T_Times) VALUES ('ASHISH',4)
INSERT INTO #temp(T_Name,T_Times) VALUES ('PANKAJ',3)
INSERT INTO #temp(T_Name,T_Times) VALUES ('RUPESH',2)
INSERT INTO #temp(T_Name,T_Times) VALUES ('MANISH',5)

SELECT t.T_Name ,t.T_Times FROM
(SELECT  T_Name,T_Times,CAST(('<val>'+REPLICATE(T_Name+'</val><val>',T_Times-1)
+'</val>') AS XML )AS X FROM #temp)t CROSS APPLY t.X.nodes('/val')y(z)

drop table #temp

Function with no Arguments but Return Value In C

1. /*C program to check whether a number entered by user is prime or not using function with no arguments but having return value */  
2. #include <stdio.h>  
3. #include <conio.h>  
4. int input();  
5. void main(){  
6.     int num,i,flag = 0;  
7.     num=input();     /* No argument is passed to input() */  
8.     for(i=2; i<=num/2; ++i){  
9.     if(num%i==0){  
10.         flag = 1;  
11.         break;  
12.     }  
13.     }  
14.     if(flag == 1)  
15.         printf("%d is not prime",num);  
16.     else  
17.         printf("%d is prime", num);  
18.     getch();  
19. }  
20. int input(){   /* Integer value is returned from input() to calling function */  
21.     int n;  
22.     printf("Enter positive integer to check:\n");  
23.     scanf("%d",&n);  
24.     return n;  
25. }  

The ASCII Character Set

Character data is represented in a computer by using standardized numeric codes which have been developed. The most widely accepted code is called the American Standard Code for Information Interchange ( ASCII). The ASCII code associates an integer value for each symbol in the character set, such as letters, digits, punctuation marks, special characters, and control characters. Some implementations use other codes for representing characters, but we will use ASCII since it is the most widely used. The ASCII characters and their decimal code values are shown in Table 4.2. Of course, the internal machine representation of characters is in equivalent binary form.

The ASCII table has 128 characters, with values from 0 through 127. Thus, 7 bits are sufficient to represent a character in ASCII; however, most computers typically reserve 1 byte, (8 bits), for an ASCII character. One byte allows a numeric range from 0 through 255 which leaves room for growth in the size of the character set, or for a sign bit. Consequently, a character data type may optionally represent signed values; however, for now, we will assume that character data types are unsigned, i.e. positive integer values, in the range 0-127.

Looking at the table, note that the decimal values 0 through 31, and 127, represent non-printable control characters. All other characters can be printed by the computer, i.e. displayed on the screen or printed on printers, and are called printable characters. All printable characters and many control characters can be input to the computer by typing the corresponding keys on the keyboard. The character column shows the key(s) that must be pressed. Only a single key is pressed for a printable character; however, control characters need either special keys on the keyboard or require the CTRL key pressed together with another key. In the table, a control key is shown by the symbol '136. Thus, '136A is control-A, i.e. the CTRL key kept pressed while pressing the key, A.

Notice that the character 'A' has the code value of 65, 'B' has the value 66, and so on. The important feature is the fact that the ASCII values of letters 'A' through 'Z' are in a contiguous increasing numeric sequence. The values of the lower case letters 'a' through 'z' are also in a contiguous increasing sequence starting at the code value 97. Similarly, the digit symbol characters '0' through '9' are also in an increasing contiguous sequence starting at the code value 48. As we shall see, this feature of the ASCII code is quite useful.

It must be emphasized that a digit symbol is a character type. Digit characters have code values that differ from their numeric equivalents: the code value of '0' is 48, that of '1' is 49, that of '2' is 50, and so forth. The table shows that the character with code value 0 is a control character, '136@, called the NULL character. Do NOT confuse it with the digit symbol '0'. Remember, a digit character and the equivalent number have different representations.

Besides using single quotes, it is also possible to write character constants in terms of their ASCII values in a C program, using either their octal or their hexadecimal ASCII values. In writing character constants, the octal or hexadecimal value follows the escape character, , as shown in Table 4.3. At most three octal digits or at most two hexadecimal digits are needed. Note, after the escape backslash, a leading zero should not be included in writing octal or hexadecimal numbers